History
Marsnik 1: USSR, 10/10/60, Mars flyby, did not reach Earth orbit
Marsnik 2: USSR, 10/14/60, Mars flyby, did not reach Earth orbit
Sputnik 22: USSR, 10/24/62, Mars flyby, achieved Earth orbit only
Mars 1: USSR, 11/1/62, Mars flyby, radio failed at 65.9 million miles (106 million kilometers)
Sputnik 24: USSR, 11/4/62, Mars flyby, achieved Earth orbit only
Mariner 3: U.S., 11/5/64, Mars flyby, shroud failed to jettison
Mariner 4: U.S. 11/28/64, first successful Mars flyby 7/14/65, returned 21 photos
Zond 2: USSR, 11/30/64, Mars flyby, passed Mars but radio failed, returned no planetary data
Mariner 6: U.S., 2/24/69, Mars flyby 7/31/69, returned 75 photos
Mariner 7: U.S., 3/27/69, Mars flyby 8/5/69, returned 126 photos
Mars 1969A: USSR, 3/27/69, Mars orbiter, did not reach Earth orbit
Mars 1969B: USSR, 4/2/69, Mars orbiter, failed during launch
Mariner 8: U.S., 5/8/71, Mars orbiter, failed during launch
Kosmos 419: USSR, 5/10/71, Mars lander, achieved Earth orbit only
Mars 2: USSR, 5/19/71, Mars orbiter/lander arrived 11/27/71, no useful data, lander burned up due to steep entry
Mars 3: USSR, 5/28/71, Mars orbiter/lander, arrived 12/3/71, lander operated on surface for 20 seconds before failing
Mariner 9: U.S., 5/30/71, Mars orbiter, operated in orbit 11/13/71 to 10/27/72, returned 7,329 photos
Mars 4: USSR, 7/21/73, failed Mars orbiter, flew past Mars 2/10/74
Mars 5: USSR, 7/25/73, Mars orbiter, arrived 2/12/74, lasted a few days
Mars 6: USSR, 8/5/73, Mars flyby module and lander, arrived 3/12/74, lander failed due to fast impact
Mars 7: USSR, 8/9/73, Mars flyby module and lander, arrived 3/9/74, lander missed the planet
Viking 1: U.S., 8/20/75, Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 6/19/76-1980, lander 7/20/76-1982
Viking 2: U.S., 9/9/75, Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 8/7/76-1987, lander 9/3/76-1980; combined, the Viking orbiters and landers returned more than 50,000 photos
Phobos 1: USSR, 7/7/88, Mars orbiter and Phobos lander, lost 8/88 en route to Mars
Phobos 2: USSR, 7/12/88, Mars orbiter and Phobos lander, lost 3/89 near Phobos
Mars Observer: U.S., 9/25/92, Mars orbiter, lost just before Mars arrival 8/21/93
Mars Global Surveyor: U.S., 11/7/96, Mars orbiter, arrived 9/12/97, high-detail mapping through 1/00, third extended mission completed 9/06, last communication 11//2/06
Mars 96: Russia, 1/16/96, orbiter/two landers/two penetrators, launch vehicle failed
Mars Pathfinder: U.S., 12/4/96, Mars lander/rover, landed 7/4/97, completed prime mission and began extended mission 8/3/07, last transmission 9/27/97
Nozomi: Japan, 7/4/98, Mars orbiter, failed to enter orbit 12/03
Mars Climate Orbiter: U.S., 12/11/98, lost upon arrival 9/23/99
Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2: U.S., 1/3/99, lander/two penetrators, lost on arrival 12/3/99
Mars Odyssey: U.S., 3/7/01, Mars orbiter, arrived 10/24/01, completed prime mission 8/25/04, currently conducting extended mission of science and communication relay
Mars Express/Beagle 2: European Space Agency, 6/2/03, Mars orbiter/lander, orbiter completed prime mission 11/05, currently in extended mission; lander lost on arrival 12/25/03
Mars Exploration Rover Spirit: U.S., 6/10/03, Mars rover, landed 1/4/04 for three-month prime mission inside Gusev Crater, completed several extended missions, last communication 3/22/10
Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity: U.S., 7/7/03, Mars rover, landed 1/25/04 for three-month prime mission in Meridiani Planum region, currently conducting extended mission
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: U.S., 8/12/05, Mars orbiter, arrived 3/12/06, completed prime mission 9/26/10, currently conducting extended mission of science and communication relay
Phoenix Mars Lander: U.S., 8/4/07, Mars lander, landed 5/25/08, completed prime mission and began extended mission 8/26/08, last communication 11/2/08
Phobos-Grunt/Yinghuo 1: Russia/China, 11/8/11, Phobos lander with sample return and Mars orbiter, achieved Earth orbit only
Curiosity Rover (Mars Science Laboratory): U.S., 11/26/11, Mars rover, landed 8/6/12, completed prime mission, currently conducting extended science mission
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN): U.S., 11/18/13, Mars orbiter, arrived 9/21/14, completed prime mission, currently conducting extended science mission
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan): India, 11/5/13, Mars orbiter, arrived 9/14/14, completed prime mission, currently conducting extended mission
ExoMars 2016: European Space Agency, 3/14/16, orbiter and landing-demonstration module, Trace Gas Orbiter arrived 10/19/16, currently conducting prime mission; unsuccessful Mars impact of Schiaparelli module 10/19/16
