A NASA mission to study Alaska's unique terrain is providing scientists with their first detailed look at the changing topography of one of Earth's most active volcanic regions.
Researchers at the Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility, Fairbanks, have created a high-resolution digital elevation model of Umnak Island, home to the Okmok volcano. This model can be used to produce new, accurate geologic maps. The most recent topographic map of the region was made in 1957 from aerial photographs. Okmok has erupted four times since then, dramatically changing the landscape.
The Alaska scientists used data gathered in October 2000 by the Airsar instrument, designed, built and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Airsar is a side-looking imaging radar system carried aboard a NASA DC-8. It collected the Alaska data as part of its PacRim 2000 Mission, which took the instrument to French Polynesia, American and Western Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Philippines, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Northern Marianas, Guam, Palau, Hawaii and Alaska.
After initial processing at JPL, the Airsar data were sent to the Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility at the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Researchers there combined numerous Airsar strips of data into a mosaic, fused it to Landsat imagery, checked its accuracy and generated a number of data products, including the mosaic of Umnak Island.
"Alaska needs new, accurate maps, but it continues to fall behind," said Rick Guritz, of the Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility's Science Center. "These data provide a fresh, accurate view of a volatile environment and have been used this summer by geologists on the volcano. Our goal is to compare various NASA geospatial technologies for their ability to satisfy Alaska's needs. We are doing this in partnership with agencies of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources."
"The recent Airsar data have the potential to provide us with sufficient topographic detail of the surface of Umnak Island to produce an accurate, up-to-date geologic map of the volcano and aid in the analysis of surface deformation that indicates magma movement," said Janet Schaefer, geologist of the Alaska Volcano Observatory. "The detailed images provided by the Alaska SAR Facility were very useful for distinguishing geologic features such as lava flow contacts, debris avalanche deposits, mudflow and lahar extents, stream drainage patterns, and coastal features." The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the United States Geological Survey, the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute.
Field work on Umnak was completed this past summer, and a new revised geologic map of the island combining field and airborne measurements will be created. Airsar, part of NASA's Airborne Science Program, is managed for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise by JPL. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. More information on Airsar is available at http://airsar.jpl.nasa.gov/. The Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility's website is http://www.asf.alaska.edu.