Publications

Publications

• F. C. Krause, J. P. Ruiz, S. C. Jones, E. J. Brandon, E. C. Darcy, C. J. Iannello and R. V. Bugga, “Performance of Commercial Li-Ion Cells for Future NASA Missions and Aerospace Applications”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 168, 040504 (2021).
• Katherine A. Acord, Alexander D. Dupuy, Umberto Scipioni Bertoli, Baolong Zheng, William C. West, Qian Nataly Chen, Andrew A. Shapiro, Julie M. Schoenung, “Morphology, Microstructure, and Phase States in Selective Laser Sintered Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes”, J. Mat. Proc. Tech., 116827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116827
• Frederick C. Krause, John-Paul Jones, Marshall C. Smart, Keith B. Chin, Erik J. Brandon. Screening electrolytes designed for high voltage electrochemical capacitors. Electrochimica Acta 2021 374, 137898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137898.
• John Hennessy, April D. Jewell, John-Paul Jones, Garrison M. Crouch, and Shouleh Nikzad. Aluminum Precursor Interactions with Alkali Compounds in Thermal Atomic Layer Etching and Deposition Processes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021 13 (3), 4723-4730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c19399
• K. B. Chin, G. B. Bolotin, M. C. Smart, S. Katz, J. A. Flynn, N. K. Palmer, E. J. Brandon, and W. C. West, “Flight Demonstration of a Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System in an Earth Orbiting CubeSat”, IEEE A&E Systems Magazine, 36, 24 (2021).
• "Energy Storage Technologies for Planetary Science and Astrobiology Missions", Ratnakumar Bugga, Erik Brandon, Eric Darcy, Richard Ewell, Peter Faguay, Brent Futz, Rob Gitzendanner, Gerald Halpert, Chris Iannello, Ian Jakupca, Leo Leonine, Simon Liu, Patricia Loyselle, Chengsong Ma, Ram Manthiram, Edward Plichta, Jeff Sakamoto, Marshall Smart, Rao Surampudi, Joe Troutman, William West, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 53, 201 (2021).
• Skyler D. Ware, Charles J. Hansen, John-Paul Jones, John Hennessy, Ratnakumar V. Bugga and Kimberly A. See, “Fluoride in the SEI Stabilizes the Li Metal Interface in Li–S Batteries with Solvate Electrolytes”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 13, 18865 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02629.

Book Chapter

• Abhijit V. Shevade, Margie L. Homer, William A. Goddard III, "Rapid Screening of Chemical Sensing Materials Using Molecular Modeling Tools for the JPL Electronic Nose” in Springer Series in Materials Science series Computational Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry: From Bold Initiatives to the Last Mile. vol 284, Chapter 16, pp. 315-328 (2021).

Publications

• John-Paul Jones, John Hennessy, Keith J. Billings, Frederick C. Krause, Jasmina Pasalic, Ratnakumar V. Bugga. “Communication — Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum Fluoride for Lithium Metal Anodes” J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, 060502. DOI:10.1149/1945-7111/ab7c39
• Abhay Gupta, Amruth Bhargav, John-Paul Jones, Ratnakumar V. Bugga, and Arumugam Manthiram, “Influence of Lithium Polysulfide Clustering on the Kinetics of Electrochemical Conversion in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries” Chemistry of Materials, 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b05164
• John-Paul Jones, Marshall C. Smart, Frederick C. Krause, and Ratnakumar V. Bugga, “The Effect of Electrolyte Additives upon Lithium Plating during Low Temperature Charging of Graphite-LiNiCoAlO2 Lithium-Ion Three Electrode Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, 020536. DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab6bc2
• Dean E. Glass, John-Paul Jones, Abhijit V. Shevade, Dharmesh Bhakta, Eric Raub, Richard Sim, Ratnakumar V. Bugga, “High temperature primary battery for Venus surface missions” J. Power Sources, 2020, 449, 227492. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227492.

Invited Paper

• “Low Temperature Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Using Acetonitrile/Methyl Formate Electrolytes and Activated Carbon Fabric Electrodes”, Erik Brandon, Marshall Smart, William West, J. Mat. Res. DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2019.396 (2020).
• F. C. Krause, J. A. Loveland, J. M. Steinkraus, M. C. Smart, E. J. Brandon, and R. V. Bugga, “Implementation of Commercial Li-ion Cells on the MarCO Deep Space CubeSats”, J. Power Sources, 449, 227544 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227544
• Keith Chin, Jasmina Pasalic, Ninos Hermis, Laura M. Barge, “Chemical Gardens as Electrochemical Systems: In Situ Characterization of Simulated Prebiotic Hydrothermal Vents by Impedance Spectroscopy”, ChemPlusChem, 85, 2619-2628 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202000600
• Yong Wei, Keith Chin, Laura M. Barge, Scott Perl, Ninos Hermis, Tao Wei, “Machine Learning analysis of the Thermodynamic Responses of In Situ Dielectric Spectroscopy Data in Amino Acid and Inorganic Electrolytes”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 124, 11491-11500, 2020.  https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09266
• John-Paul Jones, Samad A. Firdosy, Laura M. Barge, John C. Bescup, Scott M. Perl, Xu Zhang, Andre M. Pate, and Roy E. Price. 3D Printed Minerals as Astrobiology Analogs of Hydrothermal Vent Chimneys. Astrobiology 2020, 20 (12), 1405-1412. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2260.
• Dean E. Glass, John-Paul Jones, Abhijit V. Shevade, and Ratnakumar V. Bugga, “Transition Metal Phosphorous Trisulfides as Cathode Materials in High Temperatures Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 110512. DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/aba0d4
• William J. Wolf, Jiaming Li, Simon C. Jones, Brian M. Stoltz, and Robert H. Grubbs, “Efficient Synthesis of Geminal-Dialkyl Dienes for Olefin Metathesis Polymerization”, Macromolecules, 53, 7803 (2020). https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01606
• Jones, J.-P.; Jones, S. C.; Billings, K. J.; Pasalic, J.; Bugga, R. V; Krause, F. C.; Smart, M. C.; Brandon, E. J. Radiation Effects on Lithium CFX Batteries for Future Spacecraft and Landers. J. Power Sources 2020, 471, 228464. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228464.

Publications

• Fluoride-ion solvation in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions”, V. K. Davis, S. Munoz, J. Kim, C. M. Bates, N. Momcilovic, K. J. Billings, T. F. Miller, R. H. Grubbs, S. C. Jones, Mat. Chem. Frontiers, 3, 2721 (2019).
• Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO by a Molecular Re(ethynyl-bpy)(CO)(3)Cl Catalyst and Attachment to Carbon Electrode Surfaces”, A. Zhanaidarova, A. L. Ostericher, C. J. Miller, S. C. Jones, C. P. Kubiak, Organometallics, 38, 1204 (2019).
• Re(tBu-bpy)(CO)3Cl Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Selectively Reduces CO2 in Water”, Almagul Zhanaidarova, Simon C. Jones, Emmanuelle Despagnet-Ayoub, Brian R. Pimentel, and Clifford P. Kubiak, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141, 17270 (2019).

Publications

• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "The Use of Lithium-Ion Batteries for JPL's Mars Rovers", J. Electrochimica Acta, 268, 27-40 (2018). doi:10.1016/ j.electacta.2018.02.020.
• "Room-temperature cycling of metal fluoride electrodes: Liquid electrolytes for high-energy fluoride ion cells", Davis, VK; Bates, CM; Omichi, K; Savoie, BM; Momcilovic, N; Xu, QM; Wolf, WJ; Webb, MA; Billings, KJ; Chou, NH; Alayoglu, S; McKenney, RK; Darolles, IM; Nair, NG; Hightower, A; Rosenberg, D; Ahmed, M; Brooks, CJ; Miller, TF; Grubbs, RH; Jones, SC, SCIENCE, Volume: 362  Issue: 6419  Pages: 1144-, DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7070 (2018).
• "High Specific Energy Lithium Primary Batteries as Power Sources for Deep Space Exploration", Frederick C. Krause, John-Paul Jones, Simon C. Jones, Jasmina Pasalic, Keith J. Billings, William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Ratnakumar V. Bugga, and Erik J. Brandon, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, A2312 (2018).

Invited Paper 

• "Energy Storage Technologies for Small Satellite Applications", Keith B. Chin, Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Simon C. Jones, Marshall C. Smart, Frederick C. Krause, Gary G. Bolotin, William C. West, and Erik J. Brandon, Proc. IEEE, 106, 1 (2018).
• "Geoelectrodes and Fuel Cells for Simulating Hydrothermal Vent Environments", Laura M. Barge, Frederick C. Krause, John-Paul Jones, Keith Billings, Pablo Sobron,  Astrobiology, (2018), 18:9, 1147-1158; doi: 10.1089/ast.2017.1707
• "In Situ Polysulfide Detection in Lithium Sulfur Cells", John-Paul Jones, Simon C. Jones, Frederick C. Krause, Jasmina Pasalic, Ratnakumar Bugga, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., (2018), 9, 3751-3755; doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01400
• "Factors Limiting Li+ Charge Transfer Kinetics in Li-Ion Batteries", T. Richard Jow, Samuel A. Delp, Jan L. Allen, John-Paul Jones, and Marshall C. Smart., J. Electrochem. Soc., (2018), 165(2): A361-A367; doi: 10.1149/2.1221802jes
• "New Separators in Lithium/Sulfur Cells with High-Capacity Cathodes",  Ratnakumar Bugga, John-Paul Jones, Simon C. Jones, Frederick C. Krause, Jasmina Pasalic, Devi S. Ganapathi, Mary Hendrickson, and Edward J. Plichta, J. Electrochem. Soc., (2018), 165(1): A6021-A6028; doi:10.1149/2.0051801jes
• "An introductory study using impedance spectroscopy technique with polarizable microelectrode for amino acids characterization", K. B. Chin, I. Chi, J. Pasalic, C.-K. Huang, and Laura M. Barge, Review of Scientific Instruments, 89, 045108 (2018).
• "Evaluation of supercapacitors for space applications under thermal vacuum conditions," Keith C. Chin, Nelson W. Green, Erik J. Brandon, Journal of Power Sources, 379, 155-159 (2018).

Publications

• "Manipulating the ABCs of self-assembly via low-chi block polymer design", Alice B. Chang, Christopher M. Bates, Byeongdu Lee, Carol M. Garland, Simon C. Jones, Russel K. W. Spencer, Mark W. Matsen, Robert H. Grubbs, Proc. Nat. Aca. Sci, 114, 6462 (2017).
• "Power Subsystem Approach for the Europa Mission", A. Ulloa-Severino, G. A. Carr, D. J. Clark, S. M. Orellana, R. Arellano, M. C. Smart, R. V. Bugga, A. Boca, and S. F. Dawson, E3S Web of Conferences, 16, 13004 (2017).
• "Metal Sulfide-Blended Sulfur Cathodes in High Energy Lithium-Sulfur Cells", Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Simon C. Jones, Jasmina Pasalic, Candace S. Seu, John-Paul Jones, and Loraine Torres, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, A265 (2017).
• "Additive Effects on Li‖CFx and Li‖CFx-MnO2 Primary Cells at Low Temperature", John-Paul Jones, Simon C. Jones, Frederick C. Krause, Jasmina Pasalic, Marshall C. Smart, Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Erik J. Brandon, and William C. West, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164,A3109(2017).

Publications

• Kerr, R. L., Edwards, J. P., Jones, S. C., Elliot, B. J., Gin, D. L., " Effect of varying the composition and nanostructure of organic carbonate-containing lyotropic liquid crystal polymer electrolytes on their ionic conductivity," Polymer Journal, 2016, 48, 635.
• E. G. Wood, J. A. Herman, R. A. Hall, A. W. Mitchell, P. M.  Stella and T. I. Valdez, Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Experience on Mars, Proceedings on Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2016, Huntsville, AL, Paper 6024, 2016.
• Bates, C. M., Chang, A. B., Schulze, M. W., Momcilovic, N., Jones, S. C., Grubbs, R. H, "Brush polymer ion gels," J. Poly. Sci. B, 2016, 54, 292.

Publications

• C S. Seu, V. K. Davis, J. Pasalic, and R. V. Bugga, "Aluminum Borate Coating on High-Voltage Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc., 162, A2259 (2015)
• Karl Walczak, Yikai Chen, Christoph Karp, Jeffrey W Beeman, Matthew Shaner, Joshua Spurgeon, Ian D Sharp, Xenia Amashukeli, William West, Jian Jin, Nathan S Lewis, Chengxiang Xiang, "Modeling, Simulation, and Fabrication of a Fully Integrated, Acid‐stable, Scalable Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting System",  ChemSusChem., doi: 10.1002/cssc.201402896 (2015).
• K. B. Chin, J. A. Herman, E. G. Wood, M. C. Smart, and R. V. Bugga, "Performance of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Opportunity Li-ion Battery After More Than 10 Years of Operational Life," Conference Paper, Space Power Workshop, Manhattan Beach, CA 2015.
• Jifi Shojan, Venkateswara Rao Chitturi, Jess Soler, Oscar Resto, William West, Ram Katiyar, "High Energy xLi2MnO3 - (1 - x)LiNi2/3Co1/6Mn1/6O2 Composite Cathode for Advanced Li-ion Batteries", J. Power Sources, 274, 440 (2015).
• "All Solid-State Thin Film Batteries", Jie Song and William West, in Handbook of Solid State Batteries and Capacitors, 2nd Edition, eds. Nancy J. Dudney, William C. West, and Jagjit Nanda, (World Scientific, Singapore 2015).
• Wei, M.-H., Li, B., David, R. L. A., Jones, S. C., Sarohia, V., Schmitigal, J. A., Kornfield, J. A.. "Megasupramolecules for safer, cleaner fuel by end association of long telechelic polymers," Science, 2015, 350, 72.
• Bates, C. M., Chang, A. B., Momcilovic, N., Jones, S. C., Grubbs, R. H., "ABA triblock brush polymers: synthesis, self-assembly, conductivity, and rheological properties," Macromolecules, 2015, 48, 4967.
• "Handbook of Solid State Batteries and Capacitors, 2nd Edition", eds. Nancy J. Dudney, William C. West, and Jagjit Nanda, (World Scientific, Singapore 2015).

Publications

• Chitturi Venkateswara Rao, Jesse Soler, Rajesh Katiyar, Jifi Shojan, William C. West and Ram S. Katiyar, "Investigations on Electrochemical Behavior and Structural Stability of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Lithium-Ion Cathodes via In-Situ and Ex-Situ Raman Spectroscopy",  J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 14133 (2014).
• V. Prakash Reddy, Mario Blanco, Ratnakumar Bugga, "Boron-based anion receptors in lithium-ion and metal-air batteries", J.  Power Sources, 247, 813-820 (2014).
• T. I. Valdez, Illeana González-González, Carlos R. Cabrera, Nanomaterials in Regenerative Fuel Cells, Advanced Nanomaterials for Aerospace Applications, Carlos R. Cabrera and Felix A. Miranda (Eds.), Chapter 7, Pan Stanford Publishing, ISBN 978-981-4463-18-8, pp. 179- 200, 2014.
• M. C. Smart, W. C. West, A. V. Shevade, K. J. Billings, K. B. Chin, R. V. Bugga, and E. J. Brandon, "Supercapacitors for Wide Temperature Operation", Power Sources Conference, Orlando, FL, June 11, 2014.
• Frederick C. Krause, Constanza Hwang, Bugga V. Ratnakumar, Marshall C. Smart, Dennis W. McOwen, and Wesley A. Henderson, "The Use of Methyl Butyrate-Based Electrolytes with Additives to Enable the Operation of Li-Ion Cells with High Voltage Cathodes over a Wide Temperature Range" ECS Trans. 2014 58(48): 97-107.
• Tan, H. J., Smith, H. L., Kim, L., Harding, T. K., Jones, S. C., Fultz, B., "Electrochemical cycling and lithium insertion in nanostructured FeF3 cathodes," J. Electrochem. Soc., 2014, 161. A445.
• Edwin O. Ortiz-Quiles, Jess Soler, Mallory Gobet, Tetiana Nosach, Oscar Resto, Omar J. García-Ricard, Arturo J. Hernández-Maldonado, Steve Greenbaum, William C. West , and Carlos R. Cabrera, "Lithium Chloride Molten Flux Approach to Li2MnO3:LiMO2 (M= Mn, Ni, Co) "Composite" Synthesis for Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Applications", RSC Advances, 4, 12018 (2014).
• K.B.Chin, M.C. Smart, E.J. Brandon, G.S. Bolotin, N.K. Palmer, J.A. Flynn, S. Katz, "Li-ion battery and super-capacitor Hybrid energy system for low temperature Smallsat applications, Conference Paper, 28th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, 2014.

Publications

• Gurpreet Singh, W. C. West, J. Soler, and Ram S Katiyar, "In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Layered Solid Solution Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co)", J. Power Sources, 218, 34(2012).
• A.V. Shevade, M.A. Ryan, M.L. Homer, et al., "The Technology Demonstration of the Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose on the International Space Station", In T. Nakamoto (Ed.) Human Olfactory Displays and Interfaces: Odor Sensing and Presentation.  IGI Global, Chapter 13 (2012).
• X. Huang, W. A. Rigdon,  K. Billings,  and T. I. Valdez "Fabrication and Optimization Membrane Electrode Assembly with Support-Less Platinum Catalysts for Space Applications", ECS Transactions, 50 (2) 753-763 (2012).
• Ronald P. Dunn, Janak Kafle, Frederick C. Krause, Constanza Hwang, Bugga V. Ratnakumar, Marshall C. Smart, and Brett L. Lucht, "Electrochemical Analysis of Li-Ion Cells Containing Triphenyl Phosphate", J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A2100 (2012).
• M. Cross, W. Varhue, and T. Valdez , Structure and electro-catalytic properties of electrode materials consisting of Pt nanorod decorated/RuO2 nanorod coated substrates, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 (18)  ( 2012).
• Marshall C. Smart, Brett L. Lucht, Swapnil Dalavi, Frederick C. Krause and Bugga V. Ratnakumar,  "The Effect of Additives upon the Performance of MCMB/LiNixCo1−xO2 Li-Ion Cells Containing Methyl Butyrate-Based Wide Operating Temperature Range Electrolytes", J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A739 (2012).
• W. C. West, J. Soler, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Preparation of High Quality Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) Li-Ion Cathodes by a Ball Milling - Annealing Process",  J. Power Sources, 204, 200(2012).
• M. Jun, K. Smith, E. Wood, and M. C. Smart, "Battery Capacity Estimation of Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Application", International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management, Volume 3, Issue 2, 009, 2012.
• M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, F. C. Krause, C. Hwang, R. V. Bugga, S. Santee, F. J. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance Testing of Yardney MCMB-LiNiCoAlO2 Lithium-Ion Cells Possessing Electrolytes with Improved Safety Characteristics, 45TH Power Sources Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 11-14, 2012.
• E. J. Brandon, W. C. West, M. C. Smart, G. Yushin, Y. Korenblit, A. Kajdos, A. Kvit, and J. Jagiello, "Low Temperature Double-Layer Capacitors with Improved Energy Density: An Overview of Recent Development Efforts", 45TH Power Sources Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 11-14, 2012.
• J. H. S. R. DeSilva, V. Udinwe, P. J. Sideris, M. C. Smart, F. C. Krause, C. Hwang, K. A. Smith and S. G. Greenbaum,, "Solid State Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Electrolyte Decomposition Products on Lithium-Ion Electrodes", ECS Trans. 41 (41), 207 (2012).
• Yair Korenblit, Adam Kajdos, William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Erik J. Brandon, Alexander Kvit, Jacek Jagiello, and Gleb Yushin, "In Situ Studies of Ion Transport in Microporous Supercapacitor Electrodes at Ultralow Temperatures", Adv. Funct. Mat. 22, 1655 (2012).

Publications

• E.J. Brandon, M. Vozoff, E.A. Kolawa, G.F.Studor, F. Lyons, M.W. Keller, B. Beiermann, S.R. White, N.R. Sottos, M.A. Curry, D.L. Banks, R. Brocato, L. Zhou, S. Jung, T.N. Jackson, K. Champaigne, "Structural health management technologies for inflatable/deployable structures: Integrating sensing and self-healing," Acta Astronautica, 68, 883 (2011).
• G.K. Surya Prakash, Frederick C. Krause, Federico A. Viva, S.R. Narayanan, George A. Olah, "Study of operating conditions and cell design on the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane based direct methanol fuel cells", J. Power Sources, 196, 7967 (2011).
• W. C. West, R.J. Staniewicz, C. Ma, J. Robak,  J. Soler, M. C. Smart, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Implications of the First Cycle Irreversible Capacity on Cell Balancing for Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) Li-Ion Cathodes", J. Power Sources, 196, 9696 (2011).
• M. C. Smart, F. C. Krause, C. Hwang, W. C. West, J. Soler, G. K. S. Prakash, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "The evaluation of triphenyl phosphate as a flame retardant additive to improve the safety of lithium-ion battery electrolytes", ECS Trans. 35 (13), 1 (2011).
• S. R. Narayanan, A. Kindler, A. Kisor, T. Valdez, R. J. Roy, C. Eldridge, B. Murach, M. Hoberecht, and J. Graf, "Investigation of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using a Robust Combinatorial Technique", J. Electrochem. Soc. 158 B1348 (2011).
• N. E. Rivera-Vélez, T. Valdez, I. González, E. Fachini, M. Manzo, and C. R. Cabrera, "Iridium and Ruthenium Electrodeposition at Platinum Nanopowder Using the Rotating Disc Slurry Electrode Technique", ECS Trans. 35 (34), 47 (2011).
• N. Leifer, M. C. Smart, G. K. S. Prakash, L. Gonzalez, L. Sanchez, K. A. Smith, P. Bhalla, C. P. Grey, and S. G. Greenbaum, "13C Solid State NMR Study of SEI Formation in Carbon Lithium Ion Anodes Cycled in Isotopically Enriched Electrolytes Suggests Unusual Breakdown Products", J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 (5), A471-A480 (2011).
• M. C. Smart and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Effect of Cell Design Parameters on Lithium Plating in Lithium-Ion Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 (4), A379-A389 (2011).
• S. R. Narayanan, B. Haines, J. Soler, and T. I. Valdez, Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formate in Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Cells, J. Electrochem. Soc. 158 A167 (2011).
• W. C. West, J. Soler, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Firdosy, V. Ravi,  M. S. Anderson, J. Hrbacek, E. S. Lee, and A. Manthiram, "Electrochemical Behavior of Layered Solid Solution Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) Li-Ion Cathodes with and without Alumina Coatings", J. Electrochem. Soc., 158, A883 (2011).

Publications

• Shevade, A.V., Ryan, M.A., Homer et al., "Characterization of unknown events observed by the 3rd generation JPL electronic nose using sensor response models," Proceedings 40th International Conference on Environmental Systems, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) (2010).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Lithium-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Co-solvents for Improved Low Temperature Performance", J. Electrochem. Soc., 157 (12), A1361-A1374 (2010).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. A. Smith, S. Santee, F. J. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance Demonstration of MCMB-LiNixCo1-xO2 Cells Containing Electrolytes Designed for Wide Operating Temperature Range", ECS Trans., 25 (36), 273 (2010).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, A. S. Gozdz, and S. Mani, "The Effect of Electrolyte Additives upon the Lithium Kinetics of Li-Ion Cells Containing MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 Electrodes and Exposed to High Temperatures", ECS Trans., 25 (36), 37 (2010).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Storage Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells", ECS Trans., 25 (36), 297 (2010). 
• B. V. Ratnakumar, and M. C. Smart, "Lithium plating in a Li-ion cell – A correlation with Li intercalation kinetics into graphite", ECS Trans., 25 (36), 241 (2010).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, M. R. Tomcsi, M. Nagata, V. Visco, and H. Tsukamoto, "Performance of Wide Operating Temperature  Range Electrolytes in Quallion Prototype Li-Ion Cells", 2010 Power Sources Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 16, 2010.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, F. J. Puglia, S. Santee, and R. Gitzendanner, "Life Verification of Large Capacity Yardney Li-ion Cells and Batteries in Support of NASA Missions", Int. J. Energy Res, 34,116-134 (2010).
• "Sulfuryl and Thionyl Halide -Based Ultralow Temperature Primary Batteries",  W. C. West, A. Shevade, J. Soler, J. Kulleck, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, Matthew Moran, Ralf Haiges, and  G. K. Surya Prakash, J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, A571 (2010).
  

Publications

• Nanditha G. Nair, Mario Blanco, William West, F. Christoph Weise, Steve Greenbaum, and V. Prakash Reddy, "Fluorinated Boroxin-Based Anion Receptors for Lithium Ion Batteries: Fluoride Anion Binding, Ab Initio Calculations, and Ionic Conductivity Studies", J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 5918 (2009).
• V. Ravi, S. Firdsoy, T. Caillat, E. Brandon, K. Van der Walde, L.L. Maricic and A. Sayir, "Thermal Expansion Studies of Thermoelectric Materials," J. Electron. Mat., 38, 1433 (2009).
• M. Blanco, A.V. Shevade, M.A. Ryan, Quantum Mechanics and First principles Molecular Dynamics Selection of Polymer Sensing Materials. In M.A. Ryan, A.V. Shevade, C.J. Taylor, M.L. Homer, M. Blanco, J.R. Stetter (Ed.), Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection (Integrated Microanalytical Systems). Springer, Chapter 3, (2009).
• S. R. Narayanan, T. I. Valdez, and S. Firdosy, "Analysis of the Performance of Nafion-Based Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells," J. Electrochemical Society, 156(1), B152-159 (2009).
• K. A. Smith, M. C. Smart, G. K. S. Prakash, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Lithium Ion Electrolytes Containing Flame-Retardant Additives for Increased Safety Characteristics", ECS Trans. 16 (35), 33 (2009).
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar , L. D. Whitcanack,  F. J. Puglia , S. Santee , and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance Testing of Yardney Li-Ion Cells and Batteries in Support of Future NASA Missions", 8th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Colorado Convention Center, Denver, CO, Aug 3-5, 2009.
• S. R. Narayanan and Thomas I. Valdez, "High Energy Portable Fuel Cell Power Sources", The Electrochemical Society, Interface, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2008.
• S. R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, and Samad Firdosy, "Analysis of the Performance of Nafion-Based Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc. 156 B152 (2009).
• Annual Report to the ONR, PCM-Thermal Hydraulic Power Generation Device of AUV, AUVSI Conference, Orlando, Florida, Feb 2009.
• J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, K. Chin, and S. Narayanan, "Polymer-Based Composite Catholytes for Li Thin-Film Cells",  NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (7), 50 (2008).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and James Lim, "Chemical Passivation of Li+- Conducting Solid Electrolytes", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (6), 64 (2008).
• J. F. Whitacre , W. C. West, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Composite Cathodes for Dual Rate Li-Ion Batteries", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (6), 60 (2008).
• William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Erik J. Brandon, Larry D. Whitcanack, and Gary A. Plett, "Double-Layer Capacitor Electrolytes Using 1,3-Dioxolane for Low Temperature Operation",  J. Electrochem. Soc., 155, A716 (2008).
• S. Seshadri, K. B. Chin, M.G. Buehler and R.A. Anderson, "Using Impedance Spectroscopy to Detect Water in Planetary Regoliths", Astrobiology, 8, no. 4, 2008, p. 781.
• J. F. Whitacre, and W. C. West, "Solid State High Temperature Power Cells",  NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (5), 40 (2008).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar, "LiCoPO4 Cathode Layers for Thin Film Batteries",  NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (3), 42 (2008).
• Mahmoud Alahmada, Herb Hess, Mohammad Mojarradi, William West, Jay Whitacre, "Battery switch array system with application for JPL's rechargeable micro-scale batteries", J. Power Sources, 177, 566 (2008).
• W. C. West, and J. F. Whitacre, "Increasing Discharge Capacities of Li- (CF)n Cells",  NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (2), 37, 2008.
• J.F. Whitacre, K. Zaghib, W.C. West, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "Dual Active Material Composite Cathode Structures for Li-ion Batteries", J. Power Sources, 177, 528 (2008).
• William West, Martin Buehler, and Didier Keymeulen, "Metal/Metal Oxide Differential Electrode pH Sensors",  NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (10), 25 (2007).
• K. B. Chin, M. G. Buehler, S. Seshadri, S. Dutz, S.R. Narayanan, Review of Scientific Instruments (Vol.78, No.1). 016104 (2007).
• Nosang V. Myung, J.-P. Fluerial, Minhee Yun, William West, and Dan Choi, "Process for High-Rate Fabrication of Alumina Nanotemplates",  NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (9), 62 (2007).
• M.C. Smart, and B.V. Ratnakumar, L.D. Whitcanack, K.A. Smith, S. Santee, R. Gitzendanner, V. Yevoli, "Li-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Co-Solvents for Wide Operating Temperature Range", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 99 (2008).  
• K.A. Smith, M.C. Smart, G.K.S Prakash, B.V. Ratnakumar, "Electrolytes Containing Fluorinated Ester Co-solvents for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 91 (2008).
• Keith B. Chin, Ratnakumar V. Bugga Marshall C. Smart, and S. R. Narayanan, "Evaluation of Rapid Charge Methodologies for Li-Ion Chemistry", ECS Trans. 11 (29), 43 (2008).
• M.C. Smart, B. L. Lucht, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "The Use of Electrolyte Additives to Improve the High Temperature Resilience of Li-Ion Cells", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 79 (2008).
• M. C. Smart, B. L. Lucht, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrochemical characteristics of MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 electrodes from cells containing electrolytes with stabilizing additives and exposed to high temperature", J. Electrochemical Soc., 155 (8), A557-A568 (2008).
• W. Li, A. Xiao, B. L. Lucht, M. C. Smart, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Surface analysis of MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 electrodes from cells containing electrolytes with stabilizing additives and exposed to high temperature", J. Electrochem. Soc., 155 (9), A648-A657 (2008). 
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, E. A. Dewell, L. E. Jones, C. G. Salvo, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner,  "Performance Testing of Yardney Li-ion Cells and Batteries in Support of JPL's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory Mission",  6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Assessment of Various Low Temperature Electrolytes in Prototype Li-ion Cells Developed for ESMD Applications", 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
• B.V. Ratnakumar , M.C. Smart, W, West, E. A. Dewell, L. E. Jones, C. G. Salvo, L. J. Bister, S. Cohen, F. Puglia, R. Cooper, J. Gaithright, and D. Bhakta,  "Li-Ion Rover Batteries and Descent Stage Lithium Thermal Batteries on the  Mars Science Laboratory", 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
• M. C. Smart, G. K. S. Prakash, G. A. Olah, S. R. Narayanan, W. Chun, S. Surampudi, and G. Halpert "Performance of Dimethoxymethane and Trimethoxymethane in Liquid Feed Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells", J. Power Sources, 173 (1), 102-109 (2007).
• William C. West, Jay F. Whitacre, Nicole Leifer, Steve Greenbaum, Marshall Smart, Ratnakumar Bugga, Mario Blanco, and  S. R. Narayanan, "Reversible Intercalation of Fluoride-Anion Receptor Complexes in Graphite",  J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A929 (2007).
• M. G. Buehler, K. B. Chin, D. Keymeulen, R. C. Anderson, S. Seshadri, "Electrical Properties Probe (EPP) for Characterizing the Water/Ice Content of Martian Soils Using Impedance Spectroscopy", IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (March 2007).
• J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, M. C. Smart, R. Yazami, C. K. Surya Prakash, A. Hamwi, and R. V. Bugga, "Enhanced Low-Temperature Performance of Li-CFx Batteries", Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 10, A166 (2007).
• M. C, Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and K. Amine, "Electrochemical performance and kinetics of LiCo0.33Ni0.33Mn0.33O2 electrodes in low temperature electrolytes", .J. Power Sources, 168 (2), 501-508 (2007).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, A. Behar, L.D. Whitcanack, J.-S. Yu, M. Alamgir, "Gel Polymer Electrolyte Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance", J. Power Sources, 165 (2), 535-543 (2007).
• W. C. West and J. F. Whitacre, "MoO3 Cathodes for High-Temperature Lithium Thin-Film Cells",  NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (4), 54 (2007).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R.C. Ewell, L.D. Whitcanack, A. Kindler, S. R. Narayanan and S. Surampudi, "Potentiostatic Depassivation of Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide Batteries on Mars Exploration Rovers", J. Electrochem. Soc., 154 (7), A715-A724 (2007).
• Erik J. Brandon, William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Larry D. Whitcanack, and Gary A. Plett, "Extending the low temperature operational limit of supercapacitors", J. Power Sources, 170, 225 (2007).
• A.V. Shevade, M.A. Ryan, W.A. Goddard III et al., "Quantum Mechanical Rapid Screening of Chemical Sensing Materials", (poster, invited) National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science Symposium, Irvine CA (2007).
• M. C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C.  Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia , and R. Gitzendanner,  "An update on the Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of  JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission,  5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Performance of Low Temperature Electrolytes in Experimental and Prototype Li-ion Cells", 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "An Update on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
• Rachid Yazami, Yasunori Ozawa, Shu Miao, Andre Hamwi, Jay Whitacre, Marshall Smart, W. West, and Ratnakumar Bugga, "The Kinetics of Sub-Fluorinated Carbon Fluoride Cathodes for Lithium Batteries", ECS Trans. 3, (36) 199 (2007).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, and M. C. Smart, "Aerospace Applications – Planetary Exploration Missions (Orbiters, Landers, Rovers and Probes)" Industrial Applications of Batteries. From Electric Vehicles to Energy Storage and Toll Collection, G. Pistoia and M. Broussely (Editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007, pp 327-387.
• M. C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C.  Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia , and R. Gitzendanner,  "An update on the Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of  JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission,  4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
• C. M. Reid, M. C. Smart, R. V. Bugga, M. A. Manzo, T. B. Miller, and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance and Comparison of Lithium-ion Batteries Under Low-Earth-Orbit Mission Profiles", 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "An Update on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
• M. C. Smart, S. Hossain, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. Loutfy, L. D. Whitcanack, "Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Cells Possessing Carbon Fiber Composite-Based Anodes and Ester-Based Electrolytes", 42nd  Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
• B. L. Lucht, W. Li, A. Xiao, J. DiCarlo, S. Santee, M. C. Smart and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Extending the Calendar Life and Thermal Stability of Lithium Ion Batteries", 42nd  Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
• Jay Whitacre, R. Yazami, A. Hamwi, M. C. Smart, W. Bennett,  G. K. S. Prakash, T. Miller, R. Bugga, "Low Temperature Li CFx Batteries Based on Sub-Fluorinated Graphitic Materials", 42nd  Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
• Jay Whitacre, R. Yazami, A. Hamwi, M. C. Smart, W. Bennett,  G.K. S. Prakash, T. Miller, R. Bugga, "Low operational temperature Li-CFx batteries using cathodes containing sub-fluorinated graphitic materials", J. Power Sources, 160, (1), 577-584 (2006).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack and R. C. Ewell, "The Impedance Characteristics of Mars Exploration Rover Li-ion Batteries", J. Power Sources, 159 (2), 1428-1439 (2006).
• A.V. Shevade, A.V., Homer, M. L., Taylor, M.A. Ryan et al., Correlating Polymer-Carbon Composite Sensor Response with Molecular Descriptors," Journal of Electrochemical Society, vol153, H209-H216. (2006).
• S.R. Narayanan, S.-P. S. Yen, A.V. Shevade, High Capacity Reversible Hydrogen Storage System Based on Piperazine and Pyrazine, NASA Tech Brief (2006).
• W. C. West, "Self-Passivating Lithium/Solid Electrolyte/Iodine Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 30, 45(2006).
• L. Zhou, S. Jung, T.N. Jackson and E. Brandon, "Flexible Substrate Micro-Crystalline Silicon and Gated Amorphous Silicon Strain Sensors," IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., 53, 380 (2006).
• W. C. West, "Anion-Intercalating Cathodes for High-Energy-Density Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (9), 71 (2006).
• J. F. Whitacre, and W. C. West, "Improved Fabrication of Lithium Films Having Micron Features",  NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (8), 48 (2006).
• J. F. Whitacre, L. Y. Del Castillo, M. Mojarradi, T. Johnson, W. West, and R. Andersen, "Neuro-Prosthetic Implants with Adjustable Electrode Arrays", NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (2), 56 (2006).
• V. P.  Reddy, M. C. Smart, K. B. Chin, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, J. Hu, P. Yan, and G. K. S. Prakash, "13C NMR Spectroscopic, CV, and Conductivity Studies of Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes Containing Various Lithium Salts", Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (6), A294-A298 (2005).
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C.  Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , K. B. Chin , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner,  "Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of  JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission" 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Francisco, CA , Aug. 19, 2005.
• B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, R. C.  Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , K. B. Chin , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner,  "Telemetry Data of the Li-ion Batteries on JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers" 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Francisco, CA , Aug. 19, 2005.
• T. I. Valdez, S. Firdosy, B. E. Koel and S. R. Narayanan, Investigation of Ruthenium Dissolution in Advanced Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Direct Methanol Based Fuel Cell Stacks, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Proceedings to the 208th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Los Angeles, California, abstract #981, 2005.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. F. Whitacre, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, M. D. Rodriquez, D. Zhao, S. G. Greenbaum, and S. Surampudi, " The effect of electrolyte type upon the high temperature resilience of lithium-ion cells", J. Electrochem. Soc, 152 (6), A1096-A1104 (2005).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, E. D. Davies, K. B. Chin, F. Deligiannis, and S. Surampudi, "Behavior of Li-ion Cells in High-intensity Radiation Environments: II. Sony/AEA/ComDEV Cells". J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (2), A357-A363 (2005).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, and S. R. Narayanan, "Ester-based electrolytes that enable lithium-ion cell operation at very low temperatures (-40 to -70oC)", 206th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Oct. 3- Oct. 8, 2004.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, and S. Surampudi, "Validation of Lithium-Ion Cell Technology for JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, A. Kindler, and S. R. Narayanan, "Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide Batteries on Mars Rovers", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, and S. R. Narayanan, "Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
• M. C. Smart, S. Hossain, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. Loutfy, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, E. D. Davies, S. Surampudi, and S. R. Narayanan, "Performance Characterization of Lithium-Ion Cells Possessing Carbon-Carbon Composite-Based Anodes Capable of Operating Over a Wide Temperature Range", Power Sources Conference, June 16, 2004, p. 397-400.
• M. C. Smart*, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, S. Surampudi, S. R. Narayanan, Mohamed Alamgir, Ji-Sang Yu, and Edward P. Plichta "High Power, Gel Polymer Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance for NASA and DoD Applications", Power Sources Conference, June 15, 2004, p. 223-226.
• G. K. Surya Prakash*, Marshall C. Smart, Qun-Jie Wang, Anthony Atti, Virginie Pleynet, Bo Yang, Kimberly McGrath, George A. Olah,* S. R. Narayanan*, William Chun, Thomas Valdez, and Subbarao Surampudi, "High Efficiency Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on Poly(styrenesulfonic) Acid (PSSA)-Poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) Composite Membranes", J. Fluorine Chem., 125, 1217-1230 (2004).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, E. D. Davies, K. B. Chin, F. Deligiannis, and S. Surampudi, "Behavior of Li-ion Cells in High-intensity Radiation Environments", J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (4), A652-A659 (2004).
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin and S. Surampudi, R. Gitzendanner, and F. Puglia, "Lithium-Ion Batteries for Aerospace", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 19(1), 18-25 (2004).
• V. Sukumar, M. Alahmad, K. Buck, H. Hess, H. Li, D. Cox, F. N. Zghoul, J. Jackson, S. Terry, B. Blalock, M. M. Mojarradi, W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre,  "High voltage MOSFET gate/bulk driver controller for a microbattery switch matrix in a 0.35 mu m microwave SOI technology", Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 44, 203 (2005).
• J.S. Van Sluytman, W.C. West, J.F Whitacre, F.M. Alamgir, S. G. Greenbaum, "Cycling-Induced Degradation of LiCoO2 Thin-Film Cathodes at Elevated Temperature", Electrochim. Acta, 51, 3001  (2006).
• Reddy V. Prakash; Smart Marshall C.; Chin Keith B.; Ratnakumar Bugga V.; Surampudi Subbarao; Hu Jinbo; Yan Ping; Surya Prakash G. K. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters; 8(6):A294 - A298, 2005.
• J. F. Whitacre, T. Valdez, and S. R. Narayanan, Investigation of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using a Robust Combinatorial Technique. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152 (9), A1780–A1789 (2005).
• W. C. West and J. F. Whitacre, "Long Cycle Life Elevated Temperature Thin Film Batteries Incorporating MoO3 Cathodes", J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A966 (2005).
• J.F. Whitacre, and W.C. West, "Crystalline Li3PO4/Li4SiO4 Solid Solutions as an Electrolyte for Film Batteries Using Sputtered Cathode Layers", Solid State Ionics, 175, 251 (2004).
• W. C. West, N. Myung, J. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Direct Electrolytic Deposition of Manganese Oxide Nanowires for High Power Battery and Capacitor Electrodes", NASA Tech Briefs, 28, 42 (2004).
• N. V. Myung, J. Lim, J.-P. Fleurial, M. Yun, W. West, and D. Choi, "Alumina Nanotemplate Fabrication on Silicon Substrate,"  Nanotechnology, 15, 833 (2004).
• J. Whitacre, J.-P. Fleurial , T. Johnson , A. Ryan, W. West, M. Mojarradi, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. Blosiu, S. Surampudi, "Integrated Solar Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices", NASA Tech Briefs, 28, 11a (2004).
• E. J. Brandon, W. West, E. Wesseling, "Carbon Based Printed Contacts for Organic Thin-Film Transistors", Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 3945 (2003).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar"Microbattery Arrays for Combinatorial Studies of Battery Materials", NASA Tech Briefs, 27, 48 (2003).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and J. R. Lim, "Chemical Stability Enhancement of Lithium Conducting Solid Electrolyte Plates Using Sputtered LiPON Thin Films", J. Power Sources, 126, 134(2004).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrophoretic Deposition for Fabricating Microbatteries",  NASA Tech Briefs, 27, 58 (2003).
• W. C. West, N. V. Myung, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrodeposited Amorphous Manganese Oxide Nanowire Arrays for High Energy and Power Density Electrodes",  J. Power Sources, 126, 203 (2004).
• Vinesh Sukumar, Mahmoud Alahmad, Kevin Buck, Herbert Hess, Harry Li, Dave Cox, Fadi Nessir Zghoul, Jeremy Jackson, Stephen Terry, Ben Blalock, M. M. Mojarradi,W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, "Switch array system for thin film lithium microbatteries", J. Power Sources, 136, 401 (2004).
• G.K.S. Prakash, M.C. Smart, Q.J. Wang, A. Atti, V. Pleynet, B. Yang, K. McGrath, G.A. Olah, S.R. Narayanan, W. Chun, T. I. Valdez, S. Surampudi, High efficiency direct methanol fuel cell based on poly(styrenesulfonic) acid (PSSA)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membranes. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 125 (8) pg 1217-1230 (2004).
• J.Y. Kim, Z.G. Yang, C.-C. Chang, T.I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan, and P. N. Kumta, A Sol-Gel Based Approach to Synthesize High Surface-Area Pt-Ru Catalyst as Anodes for DMFCs. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 150 (11) pg A1421-A1431 (2003).
• J.F. Whitacre, W.C. West, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "A Combinatorial Study of LiyMnxNi2-xO4 Spinel Cathode Materials Using Microfabricated Solid-State Electrochemical Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1676 (2003).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "RF Magnetron Sputtered LiCoPO4 Cathodes for 4.8V Thin Film Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1660 (2003).
• E.J. Brandon, E. Wesseling, V. Chang and W.B. Kuhn., "Printed Microinductors on Flexible Substrates for Power Applications," IEEE Trans. Comp. Pack. Tech.., 26, 517 (2003).
• E.J. Brandon, E. Wesseling, V. White, C. Ramsey, L. Del Castillo and U. Lieneweg, "Fabrication and Characterization of Microinductors for Distributed Power Converters," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 39, 2049 (2003).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, V. S. Ryan-Mowrey,  S. Surampudi G. K. S. Prakash, J. Hu, and I. Cheung, "Improved Performance and Safety of Lithium Ion Cells with the Use of Fluorinated Carbonate-Based Electrolytes", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 359-367 (2003).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, A. Kindler, H. Frank, R. Ewell and S. Surampudi, "Lithium Batteries for Aerospace Applications: 2003 Mars Exploration Rover", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 906-910 (2003).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, and S. Surampudi,  H. Croft, D. Tice and R. Staniewicz, "Improved Low Temperature Performance of Lithium Ion Cells with Quaternary Carbonate-Based Electrolytes", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 349-358 (2003).
• I. W. Cheung, K. B. Chin, M. C. Smart, E. R. Greene, S. G. Greenbaum, G. K. S. Prakash, and S. Surampudi, "Electrochemical Characterization of Composite PEO-Based Polymer Electrolytes", Electrochim Acta, 48, 2149-2156 (2003).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. D. Whitcanack, and S. Surampudi, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Technology Under Extreme Environmental Conditions", 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Portsmouth, Virginia, Aug. 17-21 (2003).
• M.C. Smart*, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin and S. Surampudi, R. Gitzendanner, and F. Puglia, Performance Testing of Lithion 8-Cell, 25 Ah Lithium-Ion Batteries for Future Aerospace Applications", 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Portsmouth, Virginia, Aug. 17-21 (2003).
• S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez and N. Rohatgi, DMFC System design for portable applications. Handbook of Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Volume 4, Fuel Cell Technology and Applications Part 2, Editors: W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger , Chapter 81, pg 894 – 904, 2003.
• S.R. Narayanan and T.I. Valdez, Portable direct methanol fuel cell systems. Handbook of Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Volume 4, Fuel Cell Technology and Applications Part 2, Editors: W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger , Chapter 81, pg 1131 – 1161, 2003M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. Whitcanack, E. Davies and S. Surampudi, M. A. Manzo and P. J.  Dalton "Lithium-Ion Cell Technology Demonstration for Future NASA Applications", 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Washington DC, Aug, 2002.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi "Performance Characteristics of Lithium Ion Cells at Low Temperatures", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 17 (12), 16-20 (2002).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Use of Organic Esters as Co-Solvents in Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries with Improved Low Temperature Performance", J. Electrochem. Soc., 149 (4), A361-A370 (2002).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. Whitacre, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi, "The Effect of High Temperature Exposure upon the  Performance of Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 53-58.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi Performance Characteristics of Lithium Ion Cells at Low Temperatures IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 41-46.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, G. Halpert, A. Kindler, H. Frank, S. DiStefano, R. Ewell, and S. Surampudi, "Lithium Batteries for 2003 Mars Exploration Rover", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 47-52.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, G. Halpert, A. Kindler, H. Frank, S. Distefano, R. Ewell, and S. Surampudi, "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and it's Application to Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 275-280.
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, V. White, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Fabrication and Testing of All Solid-State Micro-Scale Lithium Batteries for Microspacecraft Applications",  J. Micromechanics and Microengineering, 12, 58 (2002).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. Whitcanack, E. Davies and S. Surampudi, "The Effect of Electrolyte Additives Upon the Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation/De-Intercalation at Low Temperatures". Ext. Abst. 203rd Electrochemical Society Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT,  Oct., 2002.
• J.F. Whitacre, W.C. West, E. Brandon, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "Crystallographically Oriented Thin-Film Nanocrystalline Cathode Layers Prepared Without Exceeding 300°C", J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A1078 (2001).
• J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, B. V. Ratnakumar, "The Influence of Target History and Deposition Geometry on RF Magnetron Sputtered LiCoO2 Thin Films",  J. Power Sources, 103, 134 (2001).
• W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, E. J. Brandon, and B. V. Ratnakumar, Invited Paper:  "Lithium Micro-Battery Development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 16, 31 (2001).
• W. C. West, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Protective Solid Electrolyte Films for Thin Li-Ion Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 26, 50 (2002).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Effects of SEI on the kinetics of lithium intercalation", J. Power Sources., 97-98, 137-139 (2001).
• R. A. Marsh, S. Vukson, S. Surampudi, B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, M. Manzo, and P. J. Dalton, "Li Ion Batteries for Aerospace Applications", J. Power Sources, 97-98, 25 (2001).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Performance and Safety of Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 15th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan, 2001. C.K. Witham, T. I. Valdez and S.R. Narayanan, Methanol Oxidation Activity of Co-Sputter Deposited Pt-Ru Catalysis. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 114-122.
• S. Mukerjee, R. C. Urian, C.K. Witham, T.I. Valdez, and S.R. Narayanan, Bifunctionality on Pt Alloy Nanocluster Electrocatalysis for Enhanced Methanol Oxidation and CO Tolerance in PEM Fuel Cells: Electrochemical and In Situ Synchrotron Spectroscopy. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 136-152.
• S.R. Narayanan and T. I. Valdez, Analysis of Voltage Transients in Methanol Fuel Cells. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 164-173.
• A. Kindler, T.I. Valdez, C. Cropely, S. Stone and E Veksler, The Development of a 1 kW Direct Methanol Fuel Cell System. Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 231-240.
• S.R. Narayanan, T. I. Valdez and F. Clara, Development of a Miniature Fuel Cell For Portable Applications. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 254-264.
• T. I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan, C. Lewis and W. Chun, Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidant Fuel Cell Systems for Ultra-Portable Applications Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 265-273.
• S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, and F. Clara, Design and Development of Miniature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell For Cellular Phone Applications, Presented at The Fuel Cell Seminar, 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts, pg. 795-798, Portland OR, 2000.
• S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, A. Kindler, C. Witham, S. Surampudi, and H. Frank, Direct methanol fuel cells – status, challenges and prospects, 15th Annual Battery Conference on Application Advances Proceedings, Long Beach, CA., 2000, Pages 33-36.
• C.K. Witham, W. Chun, T.I. Valdez, and S.R. Narayanan, Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with Sputter-Deposited Anode Catalyst Layers. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 3 (11) pg. 497- 500. (2000).
• S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, and W. Chun, Design and Operation of an Electrochemical Methanol Concentration Sensor for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 3 (3) pg. 117-120. (2000).
• A. Hightower, P. Delcroix, G. Le Caër, C.‐K. Huang, B. V. Ratnakumar, C. C. Ahn, and B. Fultz, "A 119Sn Mössbauer Spectrometry Study of Li‐SnO Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Cells," J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000 147(1): 1-8.
• T.I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan and N. Rohatgi, Development of a 150-Watt direct methanol fuel cell system, 15th Annual Battery Conference on Application Advances Proceedings, Long Beach, CA., 2000, Pages 37-40.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Akyl Pyrocarbonate Electrolyte Additives for Performance Enhancement of Li Ion Cells" Lithium Batteries; Proceedings of the International Symposium, , S. Surampudi, R. A. Marsh, Z. Ogumi, and J. Prakash (Eds.) Proceedings Volume 99-25, The Electrochemical Society, 2000.
• E.J. Plichta, M. Hendrickson, R. Thomas, G. Au, W. K. Behl, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of low temperature Li-ion electrolytes for NASA and DoD applications", J. Power Sources, 94, 160 (2000).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, C.K. Huang, D. Perrone, S. Surampudi and S. G. Greenbaum, "Lithium-Ion Batteries for Mars Exploration Missions", Electrochim. Acta, 45, 1314 (2000).
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Testing of Lithium Ion Cells at JPL for Future NASA Aerospace Applications", Proceedings of the 2000 SAE Power Systems Conference, San Diego, CA (October, 2000).
• H. Croft, B. Staniewicz, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Cycling and Low Temperature Performance of Li Ion Cells", 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, L. Lowry, R. Gitzendanner, C. Marsh, F. Puglia, J. Byers, and R. Marsh, 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000,
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, R. Ewell, and  R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for Mars Sample Return Athena Rover", 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000.
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, J. Byers, and R. Marsh, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 14: 11, 36-42 (1999). 
• M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, J. Byers, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for NASA's Mars 2001 Lander Applications", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. Ewell, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for Mars Sample Return Athena Rover", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
• J. –P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder, J. A. Herman, M. Smart, P. Shakkottai, P. H. Giauque, and M. A. Nicolet, "Miniaturized Thermoelectric Power Sources", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, S.G. Greenbaum, A. Hightower, C. Ahn, and B. Fultz, "Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 3963 (1999).
• M. C Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for NASA Aerospace Applications", SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference Proceedings P-323, Mesa, Arizona, April 7, 1999.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, Proceedings of the IEEE 14th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA  (Jan. 1999).
• B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, J. Byers, R. Ewell and S. Surampudi, Proceedings of the IEEE 14th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA  (Jan.1999).
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, C.-K. Huang, and S. Surampudi, "Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium-Ion Cells", SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference Proceedings P-322, 1998, p. 7-14.
• B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Self-Discharge and Low Temperature Charge Characteristics of Li-Ion Cells" Proceedings of the 38th Power Sources Conference, June, 1998.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of High Conductivity Lithium-Ion Electrolytes for Low Temperature Cell Applications" Proceedings of the 38th Power Sources Conference, June, 1998.
• J.S. Sakamoto, C.-K. Huang, S. Surampudi, M. Smart, and J. Wolfenstine, Mater. Lett., 1998, 33, 327.
• M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Mixtures of Aliphatic Carbonates", J. Electrochem.Soc., 146, 486 (1999).
• S.R. Narayanan, T. Valdez, N. Rohatgi, J. Christiansen, W. Chun, G. Voecks, and G. Halpert, Electrochemical Factors in the Design of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Systems. Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells II, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 98-27, Edited by S. Gottesfeld and T.F. Fuller, 1998, Pages 316-326.
• T.I. Valdez and S.R. Narayanan, Recent Studies on Methanol Crossover in Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells II, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 98-27, Edited by S. Gottesfeld and T.F. Fuller, 1998, Pages 380-387.
• G. Halpert. S. Narayanan, H. Frank, A. Kindler, T. Valdez, W. Chun, S. Surampudi, J. Kosek, C. Cropley and A. LaConti (Giner), G. K. Surya Prakash, G. Olah and M. Smart The Progress with Direct Methanol, Liquid-Feed Fuel Cell System, 32nd IECEC Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 28, 1997.
• M.C. Smart, C.-K. Huang, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of Advanced Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Honolulu, Hawaii, July, 1997.
• S.R. Narayanan, E. Vamos, S. Surampudi, H. Frank, G. Halpert, G.K.S. Prakash, M. Smart, R. Knieler, G.A. Olah, J. Kosek, and C. Cropley, "Direct Electro-oxidation of Dimethoxymethane, Trimethoxymethane and Trioxane and their Application in Fuel Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 4195 (1997).
• C. Witham, A. Hightower, B. Fultz, B. V. Ratnakumar, and R. C. Bowman, Jr., "Electrochemical Properties of LaNi5−x Gex Alloys in Ni‐MH Batteries",  J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997 144(11): 3758-3764.
• B.V. Ratnakumar, P. Timmerman, S. Di Stefano, "Simulation of temperature-compensated voltage limit curves for aerospace Ni-Cd batteries using a first principles' model," J.  Power Sources, 63, 157-165 (1996).
• M.C. Smart, C.-K. Huang, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells", Proceedings of the 37th Power Sources Conference, 239-242 (1996).
• S.R. Narayanan, A. Kindler, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, W. Chun, H. Frank, M. Smart, T.I. Valdez, S. Surampudi, G. Halpert, J. Kosek, and C. Cropley, "Recent Advances in PEM Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cells", Proceedings of the IEEE 11th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, p.113,  Long Beach, CA (Jan. 1996).
• C.-K. Huang, M. Smart, E. Davies, and S. Surampudi, "Recent Development of Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells at JPL", Proceedings of the IEEE 11th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, p.325, Long Beach, CA (Jan.1996).
• C. Witham, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Bowman, Jr., A. Hightower, and B. Fultz,
  "Electrochemical Evaluation of LaNi5−x Gex Metal Hydride Alloys", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(9): L205-L208.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, C. Witham, R. C. Bowman, Jr., A. Hightower, and B. Fultz, "Electrochemical Studies on LaNi5−x Snx Metal Hydride Alloys", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(8): 2578-2584; doi:10.1149/1.1837050.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, P. Timmerman, C. Sanchez, S. Di Stefano, and G. Halpert, "Predictions from the Macrohomogeneous Model of an Aerospace Ni‐Cd Battery",  J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(3): 803-812.
• B S.R. Narayanan, H. Frank, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, M. Smart, W. Chun, G. Halpert, J. Kosek, C. Cropley, "Studies on Methanol Crossover in Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol PEM Fuel Cells", Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 95-23, 278 (1995).
• S.R. Narayanan, A. Kindler, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, W. Chun, H. Frank, M. Smart, S. Surampudi and G. Halpert, "Performance of PEM Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol-Air Fuel Cells", Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 95-23, 261 (1995).
• B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, G. Halpert, "Effects of sulfur additive on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells", J.  Power Sources, 48, 349-360 (1994).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, C. Witham, B. Fultz, and G. Halpert, "Electrochemical Evaluation of La‐Ni-Sn Metal Hydride Alloys," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994 141(8): L89-L91.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, A. I. Attia, S. Surampudi, and G. Halpert, "A New Reference Electrode for Na / MCl2 Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993 140(12): L171-L172.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, G. Nagasubramanian, S. Di Stefano, and C. P. Bankston, "Kinetics of Intercalation of Lithium into NbSe3 and TiS2 Cathodes," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1992 139(6): 1513-1521.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, A. I. Attia, and G. Halpert, "Alternate Cathodes for Sodium—Metal Chloride Batteries," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991 138(3): 883.
• B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, and G. Halpert, "Electrochemistry of Metal Chloride Cathodes in Sodium Batteries," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990 137(10): 2991-2997.
• B.V. Ratnakumar, A.I. Attia, G. Halpert, "Sodium-metal chloride battery research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", J.  Power Sources, 36, 385-394 (1991).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, R. M. Williams,  "Organic cathode materials in sodium batteries", J. Appl. Electrochem. (1990).
• S. Di Stefano, B.V. Ratnakumar, C.P. Bankston, "Advanced rechargeable sodium batteries with novel cathodes", J.  Power Sources, 29, 301-309 (1990).
• B. V. Ratnakumar, C. L. Ni, S. Di Stefano, G. Nagasubramanian, and C. P. Bankston, "Electrochemical Studies on Niobium Triselenide Cathode Material for Lithium Rechargeable Cells," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1989 136(1): 6-12.
• B. V.   Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, C. P. Bankston , "A.c. impedance of niobium triselenide cathode in secondary lithium cells", J. Appl. Electrochem., (1989).
• C. C. Ahn, Y. Ye, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Hydrogen desorption and adsorption measurements on graphite nanofibers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (23): 3378-3380 Dec 7 1998.
• R. C. Bowman, C. Witham, B. Fultz and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Hydriding behavior of gas-atomized AB(5) alloys", J. Alloys and Compounds,  253: 613-616 (1997).