project
Design a Robotic Insect
Materials
1. Learn about insects and their structures
What is an insect? What are its features and what do they help it do? Find out why the insects we see around us every day have different features and what functions these features serve. Insects' bodies are made up of three main parts:
- A head with eyes, mouth, and antennae
- A thorax with legs and/or wings
- An abdomen that contains their organs
Learn about other structures found on insects and their purposes in the table below.
The Structure of Insects
| Structure | Function |
| A hard exoskeleton or external skeleton | Protects and contains body structures inside |
| Three pairs of legs (6 legs) | Locomotion/movement |
| Two antennae | Touch and sense of smell |
| One or two sets of wings | Flight |
| Compound eyes (honeycomb pattern) | Vision and movement detection |
2. Learn how insects and nature can inspire robotic design
Our five senses – sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing – provide information about the world around us. How can a robot gather information in a similar way to study environments we can't visit in person? Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, or JPL, often take inspiration from nature when building robots. Some of these robots even go to space! Here are some examples of robots designed at JPL and NASA that were inspired by nature:
Robots Inspired by Nature
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3. Design your own robotic insect
Now it's your turn! On a piece of paper, draw a design for a robotic insect that could withstand the environment on Mars. Get creative, but be sure to include features that would allow your robot to succeed on Mars. Your robotic insect should have features and functions that allow it to explore a place that is:
- Cold, but has lots of sunlight.
- Many rocks that may act as obstacles that your robot will need to break apart or go around.
- Some hills and valleys.
- Dusty and windy. Can sometimes have dust storms.
- Long distances to travel. Lots of open space.
Find out more about Mars at the links below to see what else you might want to add to your robotic insect:
About the image: This collage of Mars images from NASA spacecraft shows (counter-clockwise from top):
- A portion of a panorama image taken by the Curiosity rover on Mars. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS › Full image and caption
- An image captured in 1979 by the Viking 2 lander showing a thin frost surrounding the lander on Mars. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech › Full image and caption
- A 12-mile-high dust devil captured swirling over the plains of Mars in an image from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA › Full image and caption
4. Reflect on your design
Do you think your design would work on Mars and why? What might you change if you were designing a robot for Earth instead?
If your research tells you there are large dust storms on Mars that could impact solar-powered robots or that rocks are incredibly sharp in some areas and could severely damage your robotic insect's wheels (if it has them), would you go back and change something?
Does nature provide good inspiration for spacecraft and robotic design?
About the image: Sharp rocks on Mars are damaging the wheels on the Curiosity Mars rover. You can see holes and other damage to a couple of the wheels in this image taken by the rover on Mars in 2016. After engineers at NASA noticed that Curiosity's wheels were getting damaged, they changed the design of the wheels that would go on the next Mars rover, Perseverance, to make them tougher. › Read more about the new wheel design. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS | + Expand image
5. Record your findings
On the Robotic Insect Worksheet or a sheet of paper, record the following information about your robotic insect:
- Your robot's name
- The features/structures you included in your design
- The functions/abilities of your design
- The environmental elements you designed it for and why you chose these specific features
- How would your design do on Mars? Would it succeed?
- Would you go back and change anything and why?
- How did the design process for your robotic insect mimic the design process NASA engineers use to build robots.